Michel De Certeau The Practice Of Everyday Life
Michel De Certeau The Practice Of Everyday Life
| 概念 | 主體 | 運作邏輯與空間關係 | 經典範例 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 戰略 (Strategies) | 強者（權力擁有者、機構、企業、都市規劃者） | 擁有屬於自己的固定基地。以空間控制時間，由上而下地規劃、量化並建立秩序，藉此凝視與管理大眾。 | 都市規劃藍圖、官方法律、大型購物商場的動線設計。 |
| 戰術 (Tactics) | 弱者（普通人、消費者、大眾） | 沒有固定基地，只能游擊式地依附在強者創造的空間中。以時間轉化空間，利用短暫的機會「偷襲」，把對方的規矩轉化為對自己有利的用途。 | 抄捷徑踩出的小徑、對商品的非官方改裝、上班時偷做私事（la perruque）。 |
- 消費是一種隱蔽的再生產： 德·塞托反對將大眾視為「被動的消費者」。他認為大眾在消費體制強加的產品時，透過 clandestine（秘密的）創造力，將其挪用、改造，使之服務於自身需求。
- 漫步城市（Walking in the City）： 在第 7 章中，他對比了從紐約世界貿易中心由上往下俯瞰的「全景視角」（鳥瞰的戰略，把城市扁平化為可管理的文本），與在地面穿梭的行人在日常中踩出的痕跡（戰術）。行人的每一步都在重新書寫城市，打破了都市規劃者的完美理性。
- 閱讀作為「偷獵」（Reading as Poaching）： 他將讀者比作在別人的領地裡打獵的「偷獵者」。讀者並非全盤接受作者或出版體制的意圖，而是斷章取義、隨意解讀，藉此建立屬於自己的私人意義。 [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
The Practice of Everyday Life, a classic book published by French scholar Michel de Certeau in 1980, L'invention du quotidien. Volume. 1, Arts de faire), is the foundation of cultural research, urban sociology and critical theory. The core of this book aims to explore how ordinary people can regain their autonomy through various daily behaviors in the face of a huge political, economic and cultural rule system. [One, two]
Core Theory: Strategy vs. Tactics
De Seto distinguishes between the two logics of institutional manipulation space, which is also the most famous theoretical structure in the whole book: [1, 2]
Concept, subject, operation logic and spatial relationship, classic example
Strategies (Strategies) Strong (power owners, institutions, enterprises, urban planners) have their own fixed base. Control time with space, plan, quantify and establish order from top to bottom, so as to gaze and manage the public. Urban planning blueprints, official laws, dynamic line design of large shopping malls.
Tactics (Tactics) The weak (ordinary people, consumers, the masses) do not have a fixed base, and can only adhere to the space created by the strong in a guerrilla manner. Use time to transform space, take advantage of the short opportunity to "sneak attack", and transform the other party's rules into beneficial uses. Copying shortcuts, unofficial modification of goods, stealing private things at work (la perruque).
Key chapters and core views
Consumption is a kind of hidden reproduction: De Seto opposes the public as a "passive consumer". He believes that when the public imposes the products on the consumption system, they divert and transform them through clandestine (secret) creativity to serve their own needs.
Walking in the City: In Chapter 7, he compared the "panoramic perspective" (a bird's-eye view strategy to flatten the city into a manageable text) from the World Trade Center in New York with the traces (tactics) that pedestrians shuttle on the ground in daily life. Every step of the pedestrian is rewriting the city, breaking the perfect rationality of urban planners.
Reading as Poaching: He compares readers to "poachers" hunting in other people's territories. Readers do not fully accept the intention of the author or the publishing system, but take it out of context and interpret it at will, so as to establish their own personal meaning. [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
This work has influenced the subsequent in-depth study of "popular cultural resistance", "urban space appropriation" and "cultural subjectivity".
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